粉末活性污泥处理含铀废水的特性

以生活污水处理厂剩余活性污泥为原料,制备粉末活性污泥(PAS)作为生物吸附剂,考察p H值,PAS投加量,U(Ⅵ)初始浓度和吸附时间对PAS吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,探讨了PAS吸附U(Ⅵ)的作用机理。实验结果表明,在U(Ⅵ)初始浓度为10 mg/L时,其最佳吸附p H值为3,去除率97.77%,吸附平衡时间120 min;吸附过程较好地拟合了准二级动力学模型(R2≈1)和Freundlich等温模型(R2≈1);X射线能谱和离子交换实验分析表明,离子交换为其主要吸附方式,参与交换的主要离子为Ca2+;红外光谱分析表明,PAS吸附U(Ⅵ)后自身结构未发生改变。以0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液作为解吸液,初次解吸率达92.83%,循环利用3次仍具有较好的吸附效果。     

腐植酸强化苯酚厌氧发酵降解

在无外加电子受体的条件下,首次研究了腐植酸对活性污泥厌氧降解苯酚的影响。研究结果表明,腐植酸Suwannee River Humic Acid Standard(SR-HA)、Leonardite Humic Acid Standard(L-HA)和Pahokee Peat Humic Acid(PP-HA)作为氧化还原介体能够提高苯酚的厌氧发酵降解效率。其中腐植酸PP-HA对苯酚的厌氧降解表现出了最为明显的强化效果,反应进行36 h后,苯酚去除率提高了18.5%。当单独投加的PP-HA浓度在0至100 mg/L范围内,苯酚的厌氧降解效率随着腐植酸浓度增加而逐渐提高,而浓度大于100 mg/L后,腐植酸对苯酚降解效率的促进作用随着PP-HA浓度的增加逐渐减缓。除此之外,当低浓度的蒽醌-2-磺酸钠(AQS)(0.02 m M)和PP-HA(20 mg/L)在反应体系中共存时,相比于无介体存在的对照组,苯酚厌氧降解效率提高了约1.4倍。产物分析结果表明,乙酸和CH4作为苯酚发酵降解的重要产物被检测出来。最后,在氧化还原介体腐植酸的存在下,初步探讨了苯酚厌氧发酵降解的代谢途径。     

Fenton试剂处理汽车油漆废渣

采用Fenton试剂处理汽车油漆废渣。考察了FeSO_4用量、H_2O_2用量、反应温度、反应时间对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在FeSO_4用量为20.5 mg/g、H_2O_2用量为0.6 g/g、反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为3 h的最优条件下,清漆渣、色漆渣、底漆渣3种漆渣的干基减量率均为20%左右,湿基减量率分别为67.9%、48.2%和64.2%,3种产物的脱水性能均有不同程度的提高,处理后废液的COD均为2 000 mg/L左右。采用Fenton试剂处理后的清漆渣产物粒径与原料相似,产物颗粒球形度高,表面粗糙,内部为多孔结构,产物作为固体燃料时燃烧更充分。Fenton试剂处理未对漆渣中的树脂主体产生较大的破坏。     

17 β-estradiol mineralization in human waste products and soil in the presence and the absence of antimicrobials

Natural steroidal estrogens, such as 17 β-estradiol (E2), as well as antimicrobials such as doxycycline and norfloxacin, are excreted by humans and hence detected in sewage sludge and biosolid. The disposal of human waste products on agricultural land results in estrogens and antibiotics being detected as mixtures in soils. The objective of this study was to examine microbial respiration and E2 mineralization in sewage sludge, biosolid, and soil in the presence and the absence of doxycycline and norfloxacin. The antimicrobials were applied to the media either alone or in combination at total rates of 4 and 40 mg kg^?1, with the 4 mg kg^?1 rate being an environmentally relevant concentration. The calculated time that half of the applied E2 was mineralized ranged from 294 to 418 days in sewage sludge, from 721 to 869 days in soil, and from 2,258 to 14,146 days in biosolid. E2 mineralization followed first-order and the presence of antimicrobials had no significant effect on mineralization half-lives, except for some antimicrobial applications to the human waste products. At 189 day, total E2 mineralization was significantly greater in sewage sludge (38 ±0.7%) > soil (23 ±0.7%) > biosolid (3 ±0.7%), while total respiration was significantly greater in biosolid (1,258 mg CO₂) > sewage sludge (253 mg CO₂) ≥ soil (131 mg CO₂). Strong sorption of E2 to the organic fraction in biosolid may have resulted in reduced E2 mineralization despite the high microbial activity in this media. Total E2 mineralization at 189 day was not significantly influenced by the presence of doxycycline and/or norfloxacin in the media. Antimicrobial additions also did not significantly influence total respiration in media, except that total CO₂ respiration at 189 day was significantly greater for biosolid with 40 mg kg^?1 doxycycline added, relative to biosolid without antimicrobials. We conclude that it is unlikely for doxycycline and norfloxacin, or their mixtures, to have a significant effect on E2 mineralization in human waste products and soil. However, the potential for E2 to be persistent in biosolids, with and without the presence of antimicrobials, is posing a challenge for biosolid disposal to agricultural lands.     

Emerging technology for increasing glucosinolates in arugula and mustard greens

Two plant species, arugula (Eruca sativa) and mustard (Brassica juncea) were field-grown under four soil management practices: soil mixed with municipal sewage sludge (SS), soil mixed with horse manure (HM), soil mixed with chicken manure (CM), and no-mulch bare soil (NM) to investigate the impact of soil amendments on the concentration of glucosinolates (GSLs) in their shoots. GSLs, hydrophilic plant secondary metabolites in arugula and mustard were extracted using boiling methanol and separated by adsorption on sephadex ion exchange disposable pipette tips filled with DEAE, a weak base, with a net positive charge that exchange anions such as GSLs. Quantification of GSLs was based on inactivation of arugula and mustard myrosinase and liberation of the glucose moiety from the GSLs molecule by addition of standardized myrosinase (thioglucosidase) and spectrophotometric quantification of the liberated glucose moiety. Overall, GSLs concentrations were significantly greater (1287 µg g^?1 fresh shoots) in plants grown in SS compared to 929, 890, and 981 µg g^?1 fresh shoots in plants grown in CM, HM, and NM soil, respectively. Results also revealed that mustard shoots contained greater concentrations of GSLs (974 µg g^?1 fresh shoots) compared to arugula (651 µg g^?1 fresh shoots).     

污水处理厂剩余污泥对凤仙花和万寿菊生长的影响

采用盆栽方式,通过对花卉植物生长状况和各项生理指标的考察,研究了不同污泥施用比对凤仙花(Impatiens balsamina)和万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L.)生长的影响。结果表明,污泥施用比不高于5%(质量分数)时对两种花卉植物发芽有促进作用。在前期,对照组凤仙花和万寿菊生长较好,其株高、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量高于污泥施用组,丙二醛(MDA)含量低于污泥施用组。而在后期,污泥的施用对两种花卉生长促进作用明显,污泥施用组的两种花卉植物株高和各项生理指标优于对照组,尤其是开花状况显著好于对照组。凤仙花和万寿菊较优的污泥施用比分别为3%~5%和1%~5%。     

南京某城市污水二级处理系统中酞酸酯类的分布及去除特征

以南京某城市污水厂污水和污泥中的酞酸酯类（PAEs）为研究对象，分别采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（SPE—Gc．Ms）和超声提取．气相色谱．质谱联用（USE—GC—Ms）检测其中的优先控制污染物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯（MEHP），研究其在厌氧／好氧（A／O）污泥处理过程中的分布特征及降解规律。研究结果表明，各类PAEs在该污水厂的污水和污泥中均有检出，二级处理出水中4种酞酸酯类物质的浓度在0．151—2．419μg／L。污水中4种酞酸酯的分布规律为MEHP〉DBP〉DMP〉DEP，污泥中4种酞酸酯的分布规律为MEHP〉DBP〉DEP〉DMP。该污水厂二级处理工艺对4种PAEs的去除效果较明显，去除效率DBP〉DEP〉DMP〉MEHP．     

污泥膜覆盖好氧发酵堆体流场模拟及应用研究简

运用Gambit软件建立了污泥好氧发酵堆体的多孔介质模型，通过自行设计的实验装置获得了堆体的通风粘性阻力系数和惯性阻力系数以及功能膜压差与透气量之间的关系，用Fluent软件分析了堆体不同截面形状及底部通风管数量对堆体通风均匀性的影响，为确定合理的通风管数量及截面几何形状提供理论依据。对上海奉贤区城镇污水厂污泥处理工程发酵仓进行堆体流场模拟，确定堆体采用小拱形截面形状，堆高2 m，宽8 m，底部设置4条通风管，实际运行效果良好。     

微磁场条件下pH冲击对微氧活性污泥表面性质的影响

研究了微磁场条件下pH冲击对处理低负荷葡萄糖废水的微氧活性污泥表面性质的影响。在pH=6.0和9.0的条件下对添加磁粉和无磁粉反应器微氧活性污泥进行15 d的冲击,而后调整pH=7.5进行5 d的恢复实验。对pH冲击下污泥絮凝能力FA、疏水性RH和表面电荷SC的变化情况进行考察,结果表明,有磁粉反应器的各项指标均优于无磁粉反应器。经过5 d的恢复实验,添加磁粉反应器污泥的各指标均能恢复到接近初始值,而无磁粉反应器污泥难以恢复到接近初始值。     

厌氧系统中碱处理对污泥减量的影响

碱解预处理污泥和原污泥按一定比例进行混合后,投入厌氧反应器中进行消化,研究其对污泥减量化的影响。结果表明,该处理既可以提高污泥减量率,又能改善污泥厌氧消化性能,提高污泥产气量。当碱处理污泥和原污泥混合比为1∶3时,在混合初期由于稀释作用和水解中和作用,溶液的pH能迅速恢复到中性。SS减少48%,较对照组提高了10%;SCOD减少约80%,较对照组提高20%,而空白对照组因未发生溶胞作用,各参数值均处于较低水平,降解率也维持在较低水平。